Haiti may be approaching a turning point in its fight against gang violence, according to United Nations human rights expert William O’Neill.
Following a recent visit to the country, O’Neill said the coming months will be decisive as a U.S.-supported international force begins deployment.
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“We’re in a place now where the next few months are going to be crucial,” he stated. “And I think it can turn around, because the gangs, at the end of the day, are not that powerful.”
Expansion of International Security Efforts
The United Nations Security Council approved a plan on September 30 to establish a 5,550-member international force aimed at curbing escalating violence.
The initiative builds on the existing Kenya-led multinational mission, which has been operating in Haiti since June 2024 with approximately 1,100 personnel. The expanded force is expected to function as a “gang suppression force”, with broader authority, including the ability to arrest suspected gang members, powers not granted to the current mission.
Initial deployments are already underway, with additional troops expected to arrive starting in April. The full contingent is projected to be in place by September, with continued support from countries including Jamaica, El Salvador, and Guatemala.
Worsening Security Situation
Gang violence in Haiti has intensified significantly since the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in 2021. Armed groups now control an estimated 90 percent of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and have expanded operations into rural areas.
Criminal activities linked to gangs include kidnapping, looting, sexual violence, and killings. Despite efforts by Haitian police and international forces, authorities have struggled to restore order.
Addressing Root Causes
O’Neill stressed that tackling the crisis will require more than security measures. He urged stronger international action, including sanctions against gang leaders and individuals accused of supporting them, such as corrupt politicians and business elites.
He also highlighted the need to stem the flow of illegal weapons, particularly from the United States, arguing that cutting off access to arms would significantly weaken gang operations.
Youth Vulnerability and Recruitment
The UN expert pointed to the growing influence of gangs on young people, noting that social media often portrays gang leaders as wealthy and powerful figures, which can attract vulnerable youth.
However, he also referenced recent reports of internal violence within gangs, including incidents where members attempting to leave were severely punished, highlighting the dangers behind the image.
Cautious Optimism
Despite the challenges, O’Neill expressed cautious optimism, citing both the deployment of the international force and the commitment of Haiti’s current leadership to provide alternatives for young people, including those at risk of joining gangs.
“Haiti is facing a difficult yet promising moment,” he said. “If we can help Haiti address insecurity, fight corruption and impunity, and protect human rights, then everyone will prosper. We just can’t let them down.”
